Where to buy a non-Apple, non-Google smartphone

As Apple and Google impose stricter controls on their operating systems, several alternative smartphone manufacturers offer de-Googled Android versions or Linux-based operating systems. Companies like Murena (/e/OS), Punkt, and Volla provide privacy-focused phones with full user control, with some offering reputable repair scores and multiple OS options. Google's September 2026 update will block unregistered Android apps globally, making these alternatives increasingly relevant for users seeking device autonomy.