The Hetzner Cloud network stack – history and technical overview

Hetzner Cloud uses a custom Open vSwitch-based network stack deployed on individual hosts rather than relying on complex physical network infrastructure, allowing the company to maintain full control and flexibility over network features like Private Networks and Firewalls. This host-centric approach enables Hetzner to isolate errors to single machines and build upon modular components tailored to their specific needs. The article is the first in a series examining the evolution and architecture of Hetzner's network infrastructure.