BGP ORIGIN attribute manipulation and its impact on the Internet

# Summary Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) uses the ORIGIN attribute to indicate how routes are injected into the network, with three possible values: IGP, EGP, and INCOMPLETE. Researchers found that approximately 70% of observed BGP paths have a different ORIGIN value than what was originally set by the originating Autonomous System, indicating widespread manipulation of this mandatory attribute. This manipulation significantly impacts Internet traffic routing, as the ORIGIN attribute is evaluated early in the path selection process and can be exploited by networks to divert traffic through or away from their systems.