Screen viewing time from age 1 to 8 years and subsequent academic performance

A longitudinal study of 502 Singapore children found that higher screen viewing time from ages 1-8 years was associated with poorer academic performance at age 9 and weaker working memory at age 10.5 years, with the strongest negative effects occurring during early infancy and at age 6. Cumulative screen exposure throughout childhood consistently predicted lower academic performance, though the association with working memory was weaker after adjustment for other factors.