Neoclassical C++: segmented iterators revisited

Matt Austern's 2000 paper on segmented iterators proposed a two-level iterator abstraction that explicitly represents the hierarchical structure of naturally segmented data structures like deques, enabling algorithms to operate efficiently on contiguous segments rather than treating all data structures as uniform ranges. While the concept was never adopted into the C++ standard, some libraries like libc++ and Boost have implemented these ideas to achieve significant performance improvements by reducing the overhead associated with standard iterators on segmented containers.