Libraries Run Rust Inside Python (With PyO3)

PyO3 and Maturin enable developers to write high-performance Rust code and expose it to Python through a straightforward four-step process: writing a Rust module, annotating it with PyO3 macros, compiling it with Maturin, and importing it like a standard Python package. The article uses a JSON parser as a practical example, demonstrating how Rust enums can represent complex data structures and be converted to Python objects, with performance benefits that can exceed CPython's built-in modules by up to 3.5x. The key challenge in this integration is efficiently converting Rust results into Python objects at the language boundary, which can sometimes be more costly than the computation itself.